Why the Standard Enthalpy of Formation of O2 Equals Zero

To understand standard enthalpy of formation of  O2  Equal to Zero, you need to understand the definition of standard enthalpy of formation. This is the change of enthalpy when one mole of a substance in its standard state is formed from its elements under standard state conditions of 1 atmosphere pressure and  298K temperature. Oxygen gas consists of its elements already  in the standard state, so there isnt any change here. Oxygen (the element) at standard state is O2. The same is true other other gaseous elements, such as hydrogen and nitrogen, and solid elements, such as carbon in its graphite form. The standard enthalpy of formation is zero for  elements in their standard states.

Internal Threats From Hackers And Malicious Software

Introduction With the widespread of computer networks and the increasing number of threats, privacy issues, etc. information security is now a necessity for all organizations. This has alerted businesses globally to take steps in ensuring the security of their information and other assets. While most security measures focus on the external threats from hackers and malicious software, internal threats account for twice the impact of loss as external threats. These internal threats could be Intentional or accidental. But mostly internal threats are caused by poor access control which leads to an unauthorized level of access beyond the scope of their position. To forestall the troubles produced by employee use of information systems and other assets, producing a thorough information security design is almost significant. This program will provide the system with necessary details regarding the role of the organization’s assets. Organizational Security As a large insurance company with 70 employees and nine departments; human resources, finance, audit, sales, marketing, legal, customer service and IT support. With staff having a perquisite knowledge of information technology. Nevertheless, in that respect is no adequate security program to guarantee the security of the company’s assets. This can be observed as the background security problem as it is required that a company of this size should deliver a security program which spreads over all assets.I.e. Data, devices andShow MoreRelatedI am hired as an Information Security Engineer for a videogame development company. The900 Words   |  4 PagesThe organization network structure is given in the diagram. I was notified that malicious activities are taking place in the network structure. They can effect protection of the intellectual property and highly sensitive data maintained by the organization. I am assigned to resolve these issues that arise in the network structure . In this document I will analyze and assess potential malicious attacks and threats that may be carried out against the network along with potential vulnerabilities thatRead MoreThe Usage Of The Http Convecton.http1735 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence sytem movement .The graph indicate the large number of TCP from the single IP adress and the only two IP generating a lot of TCP traffic in the network that’s why its observed that there is a malfucntionnig in the network traffic that is been generated becaues one IP adress has checked all the ports of other IP address and this could compromise the system network. RISKS IDENTIFIED IN THE NETWORK Types of attacks/threats in a network before a firewall is implemented Social engineering-wherebyRead MoreHackers : The Real Estate Agent1268 Words   |  6 Pages In 2014, seventy million customer’s data were stolen by hackers (Yang, Jayakumar, 2014). Hackers also made away with about  £20 million (US $25.4 million) of bank customers. Germany Vodafone, a mobile telecommunication company revealed that two million customer’s information was illegally downloaded by hackers (BBC News, 2013) while in Japan, JTB, a tourism company says hackers stole eight million sensitive customer data (Wanklyn, 2016). While most hacking that has made the news, involve big businessesRead MoreCybercrime : Major Threats1116 Words   |  5 PagesCybercrime – Major Threats Introduction Computers suffer attacks, both at home and business atmosphere and they have develop steadily over the past twenty years. Based on the U. S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), â€Å"†¦worldwide digital attacks reached an all-time high of nearly 20,000 in January, causing more than $8 billion in damages.† (Mueller, 2003). Events and occurrences on identity theft which is the act of impersonating another person for profit or gain – are increasing and growing crimesRead MoreApplication Security Testing1187 Words   |  5 PagesApplication security is the use of hardware, software and procedural methods in order to protect applications from internal or external threats. As more and more applications are becoming accessible over networks, they are being exposed to wide variety of threats as well. Even the most sophisticated application security systems are prone to breaches, and demand stringent automated and manual test strategies at each stage of software develo pment life cycle (SDLC). In this paper, we will gain basicRead MoreInformation Security Engineer For A Videogame Development Company1034 Words   |  5 Pagespotential malicious attacks and threats that could be carried out against a videogame development company. These attacks can have an impact on the company. There are also concerns for data loss and data theft in the network. There are security controls that could help protect against the concerns. The first and potentially biggest concern would be insecure or compromised game servers. This could happen because the server was hacked (Hayes, 2008). When the server gets hacked, the hacker can uploadRead MoreA Piece Of Software As Malicious Software Or Malware?1286 Words   |  6 Pages3.2 Malwares A piece of software whose indent is malicious is called malicious software or Malware. They spy on users behaviours and data and compromise their privacy and security. Even software provided by reputed vendors performs undesired actions which compromises privacy and security.[10]. They vary in their speed, stealth and purpose, while these properties are evolving[11] rather in a very fast phase. Adversaries are much faster, that the window between the discovery of a vulnerability andRead MoreThe Importance Of Firewalls On The Operation System1222 Words   |  5 Pagesas one of the components in information assurance, which elaborates the importance of firewalls on the operation system. Illustrating the example of the online transaction that can use firewall management to mitigate the risks of severe consequences from cyberattacks. Besides, there are some limitation of firewalls as well that we have to consider in operating the system even if the firewall is protecting the system. Introduction Nowadays, information assurance (IA) plays an important role in everyRead MoreNetwork Environments : How It Reduces The Risk Of Having A Threat?1319 Words   |  6 Pagesit lessens the risk of having a threat take down everything in a working environment. For example, we would have a firewall set outside of both networks and one side would be for web services, DNS, and email, which would be our DMZ. Some important security services that would be included are spam filters for email, a sonic wall and proxy servers for web services, and web intrusion detection (IDS). The purpose of having spam filters is to protect our network from spam and any attacks that might comeRead MoreMobile Phones : A Target For Hackers1489 Words   |  6 Pagesrole in our lives as they help us get connected to each other all the time. Since the last decade, Mobile phones continued to evolve into smartphones which can do much more than calling and texting. Smartphones are nothing but computers with extra in ternal hardware specifically a GSM radio (Global System for Mobile Communications) and a baseband processor that controls the radio. Along with these primary hardware components, smartphones now comes embedded with additional hardware such as NFC (Near

Business Law Graded Project - 942 Words

AGREEMENT OF The Can Do Partnership This Partnership Agreement is made on May 26, 2010 between Tim Couch and Bert Parker. 1. Name and Business. The parties hereby form a partnership under the name of The Can Do Partnership to produce 50-50 partners, giving equal say and ownership of a racehorse named Can Do. All decisions must be unanimous. 2. Term. The partnership shall be a 5-year term. 3. Purpose and Powers. 3.1 Purpose. The Partnership’s purpose shall be to: give equal say and ownership. 3.2 Powers. The Partnership shall have the following powers: 1) to conduct and operate the Partnership business; 2) to execute necessary business documents including notes, leases, service contracts, etc; 3) to open bank†¦show more content†¦6.4 Purchase of Defaulting Partner’s Interest. If a Partner defaults as defined in Paragraph 7 below, the non-defaulting Partner may purchase the defaulting Partner’s interest in the Partnership. 7. Default. 7.1 Default Events. A Partner shall be in defa ult if: (a) the Partner makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors, starts or is forced into bankruptcy, reorganization or insolvency proceedings; (b) the Partner’s Partnership interest is subject to attachment or seizure; and (c) the Partner fails to contribute capital when required or commits any other material breach of this agreement and fails to cure the breach after 60 days written notice. 7.2 Default Payment Terms. Price paid will be fair market value as determined by MAI appraiser. All other purchase terms will be as described in the paragraph’s on Deadlock Buy-Sell above. 8. Termination. Even if the term of the Partnership has not expired, the Partnership may terminate by: (a) Unanimous agreement of the Partners; or (b) If Can Do becomes significantly incapacited; or (c) Election of a Partner when another Partner has breached this agreement. 9. Dispute Resolution. In the event of a dispute arising between the Partners, the president of the Last Lap Racin g Association will act as arbitrator. If the president of Last Lap is unwilling orShow MoreRelatedEssay on Final Project2965 Words   |  12 PagesSocial Networking Graded Assignments: Project Project Project Title Transforming to an E-Business Model Purpose This project provides you an opportunity to assume a specific role in a business situation. You then apply the competencies gained in this course to develop a solution for a business problem related to an organization’s transformation to an e-business model. Learning Objectives and Outcomes You will be able to: Gain an overall understanding of an e-business transformation capitalizingRead MoreProposal for the Relocation of an Office919 Words   |  4 PagesRFP Request 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Purpose of Solicitation 3 1.2 Proposed Form of Contract 3 2. Description of Work 3 2.1 Statement of Work 3 3. Proposal Requirements 3 3.1 Technical Proposal 3 3.11 Designated Project Manager 3 3.12 Qualifications of Professional Personnel 3 3.13 References 4 3.14 Subcontracts 4 3.15 Methodology 4 3.16 Conflicts of Interest 4 4. Contractor Selection 4 4.1 Technical Proposal Review 4 4.2 Opening of Cost Proposal 4 4.3 Post Award AuditRead MoreCommunication is the Key to a Successful Team892 Words   |  4 Pagesstrengths lie in extroversion, conscientiousness, and open to new experiences. Extroversion is how outgoing, talkative and assertive a team member may be. Extroversion also accounts the comfort level one feels in a group certain. On the awareness test i graded myself moderate to high of each personality factor given. For example on whether Im the life of the party of or if i feel comfortable around people i rated myself as a five. Due to the fact that i feel like Im outgoing and comfortable around peopleRead MoreChile : A Global Perspective1141 Words   |  5 PagesWe intend to incorporate a global perspective in our organization business model, while tailoring our actions to the local environments. The Chilean economy is very internationalized. The country draws a high inward foreign direct investment due to its sustained economic growth and stability and due to favorable investment and business development climates. Chile is committed to trade and investment liberalization. Chile is the first country in South America to sign a free trade agreement withRead MoreA Short Note On External Mentorship For Employers1451 Words   |  6 Pages o Leadership o Communication Skills o Strategic Decision Making o Organization Skills o Resource Management How to Apply Complete the _______________________ form and send to: Marci Trevino, M.A. Internship and Mentorship Program Chair Business Development and Industry Relations Manager Fremont College 3440 Wilshire Blvd. 10th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90010 marci.trevino@fremont.edu 213-355-8083 Mentor Role ïÆ'Ëœ The mentor will take a personal professional interest in guiding, encouraging, andRead MoreManaging Customer Perceptions of the Business Environment for Competitive Advantage1743 Words   |  7 PagesPredrag Basic BA 656 01/16/2011 Article Critique: Managing customer perceptions of the business environment for competitive advantage By: Toni Hilton, PhD Westminster Business School, UK and Warwick Jones, PhD University of the West of England, UK Journal of Customer Behavior, 2010, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 265-281 Article Summary Per Bendapudi and Berry, the environmental influences consumer behavior but does not influence consumers’ trust. Organizations have to research extentRead MoreJones Electrical Distribution3802 Words   |  16 PagesFinancial Management SBB Fundamentals COURSE GUIDE Leiden University Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Science Based Business Program March 2011  © 2011 All rights reserved Centre for Business Studies (CBW) Leiden University Except as allowed under Dutch Copyright Law (1912), no part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval systemRead MoreStrategic Management6582 Words   |  27 PagesThinking Week 1 October 3 – October 9, 2012 Required Reading †¢ Collis, D.J., Montgomery, C.A. (1995, July/August). Competing on resources: Strategy in the 1990s. Harvard Business Review, 73 (4). (Custom Textbook (2012), Managing Strategy in the Global Marketplace. Chapter 21.) †¢ Porter, M.E. (1996). What is Strategy? Harvard Business Review, 74 (6). In HBR’s 10 Must Reads on Strategy. (Custom Textbook (2012), Managing Strategy in the Global Marketplace. Chapter 21.) †¢ Stegmann, J (2009) CriticalRead MoreResearch Papers for Vietnam War1341 Words   |  6 PagesWar research project on May 21, 2013. Research Proposal on Organizational Behaviour Organizational Behaviour Research Proposal: Organizational behaviour is the study which researches the norms and standards of the interrelations of the people in the boarders of an organization. Evidently, every organization, public or private consists of a staff of people, which coexist and work together for the single aim. Naturally, organizational behaviour is extremely important in business because theRead MoreComparison Of Lumley V Wagner ( 1852 )1512 Words   |  7 Pagesits solved through laws that adapt and cohere with the unique situations. Breaching a contract plays heavy tolls on the parties, as emphasis on damages and remedies is highly important. These stories are often used to create/improve laws for the future, as the entertainment industry involves enormous amounts of money and special talent. In Lumley v Wagner, the two parties set a legally binding contract which was set to a duration of 3 months. A contract, under Australian Law is â€Å"an offer by one

Brain Plasticity - 637 Words

Illustrating the brain’s plasticity From: Bolt, Martin. Instructor Resources for Myers â€Å"Psychology.† (4th Lecture/Discussion Topic: Maranda Francisco and Hemispherectomy On August 7, 1985; surgeons removed the entire left hemisphere of 4-year-old Maranda Franciscos brain. The young girl had suffered from epilepsy caused by an extremely rare disease called Rasmussens encephalitis. While seizures had affected only her right side, she was rapidly losing the ability to walk, talk, eat, and learn. She was on constant medication and lived her life in brief intervals between convulsions. As often as 120 times a day, and sometimes only three minutes apart, seizures made the right side of her body useless. Since†¦show more content†¦Two different theoretical conclusions have been drawn from this finding. One is that no shift from one hemisphere to the other has occurred because lateralization of function is not present in early infancy. The other is that hemispheric differences are present very early in life, but the young brain has the ability to reorganize itself in the face of damage to specific regions. Recent studies of the abilities of persons with left and right hemispherectomies suggest that the latter plasticity explanation is more likely to be correct. Hemispherectomy dates back to 1928 when it was devised as a treatment for malignant brain tumors. It was unsuccessful. Not only did it not cure, but there was great mortality (death) and morbidity (illness) associated with it, reports Carson. The surgery was used again in the 1940s and 1960s as a treatment for seizure disorders, but each time it fell into disfavor because of postoperative complications. A number of medical advancements have contributed to its present success. Nevertheless, certain drawbacks may always remain. For example, some neurological functions do not transfer from one hemisphere to the other. All the hemis remain blind in one-half of each eye. They also continue to have some degree of paralysis on one side of their bodies. Fine motor movement is lost inShow MoreRelatedPhysical Activity And Brain Plasticity1299 Words   |  6 Pages In the article â€Å"Physical activity and brain plasticity in late adulthood† by Kirk I. Erickson, PhD, Ariel G. Gildengers, MD and Meryl A Butters, PhD provides insight to research on the effects of physical activity on the human brain in late adulthood. The article provides and overview of cognitive functioning in older adults. The purpose of the research in the article is to demonstrate how physical activity and other risk factors such as education, obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetesRead MoreHow Meditation Affects Brain Plasticity Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesMeditation originates and has been has been practiced in Asia for thousands of years for different reasons such as increasing concentration abilities, religious purposes and also to train the mind. This essay will focus on how meditation affects brain plasticity (ability to change), emotionally and intellectually, leading to better performance and coping abilities in stressful situations. Things like attention span, memory functions and complexity of emotions will be further explored and may interestRead MoreThe Effect Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation On Brain Plasticity And Learning1712 Words   |  7 PagesStimulation on Brain Plasticity and Learning Noam Katz California State University, Long Beach â€Æ' Abstract Write stuff about tDCS and brain plasticity/learning, etc. Write stuff about tDCS and brain plasticity/learning, etc. Write stuff about tDCS and brain plasticity/learning, etc. Write stuff about tDCS and brain plasticity/learning, etc. Write stuff about tDCS and brain plasticity/learning, etc. Write stuff about tDCS and brain plasticity/learning, etc. Write stuff about tDCS and brain plasticity/learningRead MoreThe Adult Human Brain Retains a Large Amount of Plasticity1590 Words   |  6 PagesIt is now widely recognised that the adult human brain retains a larger degree of plasticity than was previously thought. This is perhaps particularly true of the neural mechanisms underlying sensory perception, where substantial behavioural and neural changes have been demonstrated in a wide variety of sensory functions following experience. Sensory plasticity has been recognised for its rehabilitative potential, for instance through perceptual training regimes, which have been used to improv e visualRead MoreEffect Of Bilingualism On Cognition And Their Abilities Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pagesthat adjust to that second language are flexible. The changes in the flexibility and the anatomical structure of a bilingual child’s brain are based on his/her neural plasticity. Which are eventually different from the change in the flexibitlity and the anatomical structure of a monolingual child. Although bilinguism exerts many effects on the developing brain, it still; however, conjures the idea of the causaulity of the differences and the anatomy differences compared to monoliguism. In forthRead MoreVideo Games Encourage Violent Behavior1177 Words   |  5 Pages(Bavelier, Brain training: Games to do you good, 2013). Besides the fact that there is no correlational proof that video games encourage violent behavior, psychologists have proved that some good does come out of playing games. Video games, it seems, encourage positive brain plasticity. In the meeting hosted by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, scientist gathered to discuss way of using interactive technology, such as games, to boost brain activity (Bavelier, Brain training:Read MoreInternet Addiction And Social Media Depression1651 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Shallows: What The Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, Nicholas Carr makes the argument that the internet is changing our brains, impairing our ability to think deeply, to form memories and maintain our attention for long periods of time. The internet may also be changing our mood and encouraging depression through these very same processes as witnessed by internet addiction and social media depression. In the Shallows, Carr is making the argument that intenrt is affecting our cognition, usingRead MoreThe Neurological And Behavioral Changes Associated With Learning Music As A Child1497 Words   |  6 Pagesimperative for an individual to survive, and if training the brain with music can strengthen those networks, this is a subject of great importance. Since the 1940s doctors have recognized the impacts of music on the behavior of patients with mental disabilities, and from this discovery, the effects of music on a regular developing brain became a subject of great interest. Researchers recognized that there was potentially an opportunity to increase brain development in children resulting in discernable enhancementsRead MoreUnderstanding The Brain s Physical Operation948 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding the brain’s physical operation is essential to frame the relationship between brain and mind. The brain functions as a result of many complex processes; however, Jeeves an d Brown narrow the brain’s activity into eight critical principles. These principles provide a background necessary to deduce insightful information from neuroscience’s current research of the correlation between our mental lives and brain systems. The first principle describes the PNS and CNS as action loops. An action loopRead MoreA Study By Lechtenberg Et Al864 Words   |  4 Pageswell known that psychological processes affect the outcome of social events, the converse is also true; social events affect psychological processes. As Schmidt (60) notes, â€Å"the concept of plasticity would suggest that sex, ethnicity, disease, and social classificiation would impact the physical makeup of the brain.† A study by Cornez (2015), investigating song recognition in zebra finches, provides an excellent example of how social events can influence the brain’s physical structure: The lower density

Nutrition cycle Free Essays

This paper gives the summary of the Nutrition cycle in the atmosphere. The Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Phosphorous cycle, Sulfur cycle and Hydrologic cycle are all discussed. The paper also mentions how the human activity has affected these cycles. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition cycle or any similar topic only for you Order Now Carbon cycle The Carbon Cycle is the circulation of carbon, fats, proteins, DNA and many other organic compounds that is required for life in the biosphere. It makes up for 0.038% of the volume of troposphere and is also present in water. The carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere is balanced by the generating, removing (terrestrial and aquatic producers) and cooling in the cycle. Any small changes in this cycle will affect the climate and life forms on the earth (Chapter3 55). Photosynthesis converts Carbon Dioxide into glucose. Aerobic respiration then breaks glucose and organic compounds and reconverts it to Carbon Dioxide and is released into the atmosphere. Recycling of Carbon takes place in the form of decomposition of dead plant matter to give fossil fuels such as coal and oil. These fossil fuels are non renewable energy (Chapter3 55). There are two main ways by which humans are affected, they are as follows – Firstly, humans clear trees and plants that help in photosynthesis and absorbs Carbon Dioxide. Secondly, Carbon Dioxide is added back to the atmosphere by burning wood and fossil fuels. The addition of Carbon Dioxide and other gases enhances the Earth’s natural green house effect. All this leads to global warming which affects the food produced and wildlife, temperature, precipitation and increases sea levels (Chapter3 55). Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen is available in large quantities in the atmosphere but cannot be directly used or absorbed by mutlicellular plants and animals. Nitrogen gas makes up for 78% of the volume of the troposphere   Ã‚  Atmospheric discharges like lighting, bacteria in aquatic systems in soil and the roots of plants convert the Nitrogen available into Nutrients that can be absorbed by plants or animals. This process is known as the Nitrogen Cycle (Chapter3 55). The process consists of Nitrification which converts nitrite ions to nitrate ions. Then Ammonification occurs wherein bacteria convert the detritus into simple nitrogen containing compounds such as Ammonia and water soluble salts (Ammonium ions). Denitrification then converts the Ammonia and Ammonium ions back into nitrite and nitrate ions and then further into Nitrogen gas and Nitrous gas, which is released into the atmosphere (Chapter3 55, 56). There are many ways by which humans are affected; some of them are as follows – First, Acid rain consisting of Nitrogen Dioxide and Nitric Acid causes damages in the form of acid depositions. Second, livestock and inorganic fertilizers release Nitrous Oxide into the atmosphere. This affects the ozone layer. Third, Nitrates contaminate groundwater making it harmful to drink. Fourth, Destruction of forests, wetlands and grasslands release Nitrogen compounds into the troposphere. Fifth, aquatic ecosystems is disturbed when too much nitrates is released. Sixth, Harvesting of Nitrogen rich crops, irrigation and then burning or clearing of topsoil before replanting crops removes Nitrogen in the topsoil (Chapter3 56). Phosphorous cycle Phosphorus circulation occurs through the water, earth’s crust and then the living organisms. The Phosphorus cycle is slower and flows from land to the oceans. It is found as Phosphate salts such as Phosphate ions present in terrestrial rock formations and sediments at the bottom of the ocean. Water flows erodes these inorganic compounds and transfers it to the oceans where deposition occurs. This sedimentation limits the growth of plants as it is only slightly soluble but very harmful (Chapter3 57, 58). There are three main ways by which humans are affected, they are as follows – Firstly, Phosphate rock mining is done to make inorganic fertilizers and detergents. Secondly, deforestation of tropical forests causes reduction of phosphate in tropical soils. Thirdly, aquatic life is disturbed due to Phosphates in animal wastes, fertilizers and sewage (Chapter3 58, 59). Sulfur cycle Sulfur circulation occurs through the biosphere. Sulfur is stored underground in rocks and minerals; these also include sulfate salts that are buried in ocean sediments. Sulfur enters the atmosphere as Hydrogen Sulfides, Sulfur dioxides, Sufides and Sulfate salts. Acid deposition occurs due to the conversion of Sulfur Dioxide to Sulfur trioxide and then to Sulfuric acid, which along with air pollution harms tress and aquatic life (Chapter3 59). There are three main ways by which humans are affected, they are as follows – Firstly, burning of coal and oil to produce electric power adds Sulfur into the atmosphere. Secondly, Refining of Sulfur containing petroleum is done to give gasoline, heating oil and many other products. Thirdly, metallic mineral ores containing Sulfur are converted into free metals like copper, lead and zinc, this process releases huge amount of Sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere (Chapter3 59). Hydrologic cycle The solar energy causes evaporation of water vapour on the earth’s surface into the atmosphere. Fresh water then returns to the earth’s surface as precipitation which gets locked in glaciers, some water gets stored in the ground as aquifers and the rest becomes surface runoff, which means water flows into lakes and streams, eventually flowing into the oceans. This process of evaporation, precipitation and percolation is a continuous cycle and is called the Water or Hydrologic cycle. This is therefore a global cycle that that collects, purifies, distributes and recycles the earth’s water supply (Chapter3 53, 54). There are three main ways by which humans are affected, they are as follows – Firstly, fresh water is obtained from streams, lakes and underground water. Secondly, land vegetation is cleared to build roads and construction buildings, for mining and for agricultural purposes. This process destroys wetlands and causes soil erosion, landslides and flooding. Thirdly, various nutrients in the form of fertilizers (phosphates and nitrates) and other pollutants are added to water causing imbalance in the ecological process that involves the purification of water (Chapter3 54, 55). Works Cited Chapter 3. Ecosystems: What are they and how do they work? Environmental Science Now. http://biology.brookscole.com/miller11 How to cite Nutrition cycle, Essay examples

Concept of a User Pays System in Aged Care- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theConcept of a User Pays System in Aged Care for Consumers. Answer: The user pays model is an essential feature in the modern world health care systems. It based on the idea that the most efficient allocation of resources occurs when the consumer pays the full cost of services provided. Baldwin, et al (2017) explains that this model focuses on the need to promote independence, well-being and quality life for older people in the most effective way possible. There are many positive and negative aspects that revolve around this system in reference to both consumers and service providers. The aim of this discussion is to demonstrate that proper service provision and resource allocation is important for older people receiving care. It is generally acknowledged that people pay for various forms of services and these services vary depending on ones need. The concept of user pays system supports the idea of horizontal equity in that someone pays only for the services that he/she benefits from hence someone does not have to pay services targeting someone else. Service provision is essential especially in examining cost of aged care services to consumers. This discussion will be outlining the various aspects of user pays system in aged care and the effectiveness of this system in health care. It will focus on how services are provided for the aged and the way resources are allocated to older people receiving health care. Health is not an absolute factor argues Ravenswood, Douglas, Haar, (2018) and therefore is affected by certain factors including age. Since the elderly are part of the vulnerable population in any society, their health needs to be observed and taken care of. User pays system provides a way in which their health can be monitored more keenly and in a way that suites the consumer by the service provider at a certain cost. User pays unlike universal health care or the principle of ability to pay offers these health services to the elderly in a more effective way since the consumer pays for a specific health care service. Resource allocation usually financial is done with reference to most outstanding medical needs and the consumers preference since he/she pays for the needed service. For example, an elderly might prefer receiving health care in a nursing home and afford to pay for the service. In cases where the financial resources are limited the service provider might opt to treat the most life threatening disorder within an elderly with multiple infections if it falls within the cost paid. Since most elderly people are no longer working and cannot afford some of this services it is understandable to have medical covers that cover for these charges at retirement or having family members who are working pay for them so that they access the services more efficiently as compares to government subsidies that are not comprehensive to cover for all services (Villarosa, Wang, George, 2018). There are several positive aspects regarding user pay systems in aged care that have impacted the health sector in the world today. These include a significant decline in mortality rate of the elderly since the service delivery is more effective. The service provision is done at a cost that they can afford and at their own convenience. For example they dont have to travel at their old age to seek medical attention since medical services can be delivered at their homes. The introduction of nursing homes has also made services available to the elderly at any time as long as they pay the required fee. Medical equipment also become more available to them for those who can afford to obtain them. User pays system has also decongested public hospitals since the consumers can access private facilities at their own comfort. The elderly also do not have to depend on government subsidies so as to access healthcare hence can obtain comprehensive medical care whenever need arises. According to Greenfield, et al (2016) this system allows the elderly to be insured for medical covers incases of any emergencies. User pays model has helped improve the quality of life of older people by increasing knowledge of prevention of diseases and offering information on self-management since the healthcare provider becomes closer to the individual consumer. Barrie, (2017) holds that the quality of life also improves since the diet can be easily observed and advised in the user pays model hence preventing diet related diseases that the elderly are predisposed to such as diabetes, heart failure and stroke. The user pays model in aged care also helps in preventing emergency related cases that might affect the old since the health care provider is mostly with the consumer. The user pays model has also negative aspects despite its positive side. Since the consumer has to pay a certain amount to receive a particular service it can be considered by some to be expensive especially when dealing with the old. Since most of the elderly do not have jobs and have retired they may not able to afford some services that they might be requiring hence they ought to depend on the working population or government subsidies to cover for them which might not always be certain. According to Ratnanesan, et al (2014) the service delivery might not as well live up to the standards of the consumers. Since they pay for the services, it is expected of the providers to live up to a certain expectation in delivering the services which might not always be the case as the service might turn out to be poor or delayed thereby in convincing the consumer. User pays model in aged care may involve nursing homes where the elderly live together and are taken care of by non-relatives and this may have an emotional effect on them however minimal since their relatives are not around especially in cases where the old person care is paid for. The care giver may as well not offer enough emotional support since they are just being paid for the services and not emotional support. The care giver may therefore be deficient in such areas. There might also be deficiencies in the care giving environment since the elderly are vulnerable to accidents hence it would cost more to introduce home modifications that allow easy locomotion and accessibility. It is therefore clear that both positive and negative issues face the user pays model of care in aged care and that organizations should be keen in minimizing the negative mistakes that could occur. According to Blackler, et al (2016) evaluation of the user pays model in aged care in service provision involves around how the services are provided. Since the old people cannot properly take care of themselves due to decreased activity and since they cannot move up and about to seek health care services, the services are mainly brought to them at their residential homes or nursing homes. The quality of the services provided is essential and in most cases depends on the cost. Since the consumer pays a certain amount of money to receive the service, it has to live up to the expectation of the cost. Therefore in many cases the more expensive a service is the better the quality of services delivered though it might not always be the case since the cost might be constant as is the quality of the service provided. However since the service provision is more direct in this model, the quality of the services provided is good and better than where the services are more public and free (Nagata, et al 2016). This model has proven to be more effective as compared to other models since the service delivery is guaranteed. The aged care service provision is direct and hence there is no delay since the care giver is payed to look after the elderly. The allocation of health care resources involves a societal determination of what resources should be devoted to a particular program (Williams, 2015). Since it is a unanimous obligation of every society to take care of the elderly, a considerably good amount of healthcare resources is allocated to the elderly. In the user pay model, financial resources raised by relatives or individual are targeted to provide care for the elderly. However, since health care resources are growing scarce rationing is being directed to the elderly as well by the governments of various countries including the United States of America. Sugimoto, Ogata, Kashiwagi, (2016) have argued that an integral part of a rationing system is to ration care among the elderly thereby restricting expensive, high technology, life sustaining care for those who have reached a certain age. Implicit in this argument is the principle that elderly health care represents an investment of scarce resources with limited returns. In conclusion, health care sectors and organizations are working hand in hand to ensure proper health service delivery is improved for all consumers using the user pays model. There are several issues both negative and positive raised by this model and organizations look towards handling them in a more careful manner. The user pays model for aged care is proving to be quite useful if handled properly. The key focus is seeing the implementation and proper allocation of resources for aged care. Hence the user pays model needs close attention so as to minimize the negatives and add on the positives. References Baldwin, R., Chenoweth, L., dela Rama, M., Wang, A. Y. (2017). Does size matter in aged care facilities? A literature review of the relationship between the number of facility beds and quality. Health care management review, 42(4), 315-327. Barrie, H. (2017). Retirement villages capitalise on aged care changes. Australian Ageing Agenda, (Jul/Aug 2017), 18. Blackler, A. L., Chamorro-Koc, M., O'Reilly, M., Brophy, C. (2016). Seating in aged care: A report prepared for LifeCare Furniture Pty Ltd. Greenfield, D., Milne, J., Eljiz, K., Butler-Henderson, K., Siddiqui, N. (2016). an investigation of participants experiences and perceptions of the joint acute and aged care accreditation survey pilot in two health services. Lea, E. J., Andrews, S., Stronach, M., Marlow, A., Robinson, A. L. (2017). Using action research to build mentor capacity to improve orientation and quality of nursing students aged care placements: what to do when the phone rings. Journal of clinical nursing, 26(13-14), 1893-1905. Nagata, S., Asahara, T., Wang, C., Suyama, Y., Chonan, O., Takano, K., Yamashiro, Y. (2016). The effectiveness of Lactobacillus beverages in controlling infections among the residents of an aged care facility: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 68(1), 51-59. Ratnanesan, A., Howarth, P., Cross, M., Australia, C. M., Ackland, M., ANZ, P. G. H., ... Mann, D. (2014). Future Solutions in Australian Healthcare~ White Paper. Ravenswood, K., Douglas, J., Haar, J. (2018). Physical and verbal abuse, work demands, training and job satisfaction amongst aged-care employees in the home and community sector. Labour Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work, 1-17. Rayner, R., Carville, K., Leslie, G., Dhaliwal, S. S. (2017). Measurement of morphological and physiological skin properties in aged care residents: a testretest reliability pilot study. International wound journal, 14(2), 420-429. Sugimoto, K., Ogata, Y., Kashiwagi, M. (2016). Factors promoting resident deaths at aged care facilities in Japan: a review. Health social care in the community. Villarosa, A. R., Wang, D., George, A. (2018). Oral health in residential aged care: Are nurses bearing the brunt of a multidisciplinary solution?. Australian Nursing and Midwifery Journal, 25(7), 46-46. Williams, C. (2015). Aged care an afterthought in PMs Ministry for the 21 st century Elder Care Watch calls on the new Minister for Aged Care to take a close look at the SA Innovation Hub trial.

Benefits and challenges of Big Data For Business And Customers

Question: Discuss about the Big Data For Business And Customers. Answer: Benefits, opportunities and challenges of big data for business and customers Big data is providing access to the data that are available. Due to expansion of big data into the platforms of business intelligence, the professionals can expand analytics. The use of information technology can reduce the healthcare cost while it improves the quality of the services (Mahajan, Gaba and Chauhan 2016). Lowering the cost as well as enabling the efficiencies is considered as critical goals of the healthcare service provider. Another benefit of the big data is that it optimizes clinical trials by preventing errors, reduction of cost and making sure for compliance. The data points are presented into analytic as well as reporting virtualizations that help the service provider to improve and develop their service quality (Ammu and Irfanuddin 2013). With use of the big data, the organization analyzes the root causes of both failures as well as issues in the real time. It also personalizes the experience of the customers and the risks are quickly identified. In some of the business organization, big data plays a significant role in security. The big data analytics are used in some areas of cyber security such as it allows the business to start play an offense against the attackers (Jakobik 2016). In this way, they can prevent the vulnerabilities. New and advanced technologies are increasing the use of big data in current era. The business organization is using of big data for purpose of business intelligence, predictive analytics as well as data mining tasks. While the benefits of the big data are real, there are also some technical challenges of big data. One of the challenges is that there is difficulty in generating right metadata so that it can describe the data, how it is verified and measured. There is lack of coordination among the database systems (Michael and Miller 2013). The system can host of data and give query for the SQL. For large decades, management of large and high volume of big data becomes a challenge. Large time is required to analyze the data set. However, there are some cases when the data required analyzing immediately, therefore that time it becomes a problem. The biggest challenge of big data is privacy issues (Ammu and Irfanuddin 2013). The data which are stored within the database system are not handled properly and sometimes, they are accessed by any third party person. Therefore, the data are shared with an unauthorized person. References Ammu, N. and Irfanuddin, M., 2013. Big Data Challenges.International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering,2(1), pp.613-615. Jakbik, A., 2016. Big Data Security. InResource Management for Big Data Platforms(pp. 241-261). Springer International Publishing. Mahajan, P., Gaba, G. and Chauhan, N.S., 2016. Big Data Security.IITM Journal of Management and IT,7(1), pp.89-94. Michael, K. and Miller, K.W., 2013. Big data: New opportunities and new challenges [guest editors' introduction].Computer,46(6), pp.22-24.